exodus

/ˈɛk.sə.dəs/·noun·before 1000 CE·Established

Origin

Greek for 'a going out' — originally a theatrical term for the final scene of a play, chosen by bibl‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍ical translators for the Israelites' departure from Egypt, now meaning any mass migration.

Definition

A mass departure of people; specifically, the departure of the Israelites from Egypt as recounted in‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍ the biblical Book of Exodus.

Did you know?

In Greek drama, the 'exodos' was the final scene — when the chorus departed the stage. The same word was chosen for the Israelites' departure from Egypt, and eventually for any mass exit. Greek 'hodos' (path) hides in surprising places: 'method' is literally 'a path of pursuit,' 'period' is 'a going around,' and an 'odometer' measures the path you've travelled.

Etymology

Greekbefore 1000 CEwell-attested

From Latin 'Exodus,' from Greek 'exodos' (a going out, departure), from 'ex-' (out) + 'hodos' (way, path, road). The Greek word was originally a general term for any departure — it was used in drama for the final scene when actors left the stage. The Septuagint translators chose 'Exodos' as the title for the second book of the Hebrew Bible, which describes the Israelites' departure from Egypt. From this biblical usage, the word entered English as both a proper noun (the Book of Exodus) and a common noun (any mass departure). Greek 'hodos' (way, path) appears in many English words: 'method' (a way of pursuing), 'period' (a going around), 'episode' (a coming in upon), and 'synod' (a coming together). Key roots: hodos (Ancient Greek: "way, path, road").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

exode(French)éxodo(Spanish)Exodus(German)esodo(Italian)

Exodus traces back to Ancient Greek hodos, meaning "way, path, road". Across languages it shares form or sense with French exode, Spanish éxodo, German Exodus and Italian esodo, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

exodus on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
exodus on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Exodus

In the Greek theatre, an 'exodos' was the final scene — the moment when the chorus departed the stage.‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍ When scholars in Alexandria translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek around 250 BCE, they chose this same word as the title for the book describing the Israelites' departure from Egypt. The compound is transparent: 'ex-' (out) + 'hodos' (way, path). Greek 'hodos' is hidden in a surprising number of English words: 'method' (a path of pursuit), 'period' (a going around), 'episode' (a coming in upon the action), 'synod' (a coming together), and 'odometer' (path-measurer). The secular use of 'exodus' for any mass departure emerged in the 17th century.

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