limbo

/ˈlΙͺm.bΙ™ΚŠ/Β·nounΒ·c. 1378Β·Established

Origin

Latin for 'edge' or 'hem,' used by medieval theologians for the border of Hell β€” a place that was neβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œither punishment nor paradise, giving English its word for any state of uncertainty.

Definition

In some Christian theologies, the supposed abode of unbaptised infants and pre-Christian righteous sβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œouls; generally, an uncertain or intermediate state.

Did you know?

Limbo was literally the hem of Hell's garment. Latin 'limbus' meant the decorative border or edge of fabric, and medieval theologians used it metaphorically for the outermost margin of the underworld. The word is unrelated to the Caribbean dance called 'limbo,' which probably comes from a Trinidadian English word for 'limber' or from the concept of bending under a bar.

Etymology

Latin14th centurywell-attested

From Latin 'limbus' (edge, border, hem of a garment), used in the Medieval Latin theological phrase 'in limbo' (on the edge), referring to the edge or border of Hell where unbaptised souls were believed to reside β€” not punished, but excluded from the presence of God. The concept distinguished between 'Limbus Patrum' (limbo of the fathers, where Old Testament patriarchs waited for Christ) and 'Limbus Infantium' (limbo of infants). The word's secular meaning β€” an uncertain, in-between state β€” developed naturally from the theological sense of being neither saved nor damned, simply waiting on the margin. Key roots: limbus (Latin: "edge, border, hem").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

limbe(French)limbo(Spanish)limbo(Italian)Limbus(German)

Limbo traces back to Latin limbus, meaning "edge, border, hem". Across languages it shares form or sense with French limbe, Spanish limbo, Italian limbo and German Limbus, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

limbo on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
limbo on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Limbo

In Latin, 'limbus' meant nothing more dramatic than the hem or border of a garment.β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œ Medieval theologians borrowed it for the outermost edge of Hell β€” the margin where souls waited who were neither damned nor saved. Thomas Aquinas distinguished two limbos: the 'Limbus Patrum' for Old Testament patriarchs awaiting Christ's harrowing of Hell, and the 'Limbus Infantium' for unbaptised infants. Dante placed his limbo in the first circle of Hell, populated by virtuous pagans like Homer and Aristotle. The secular sense β€” being in limbo, stuck in uncertainty β€” emerged naturally from a concept that was always about edges and margins rather than destinations.

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