From Latin 'exsilium' (banishment), from 'exsul' — traditionally parsed as 'one who leaps out,' from 'salire' (to leap).
The state of being barred from one's native country; a person who lives away from their native country, either by choice or compulsion. As a verb, to banish from one's country.
From Old French exil, from Latin exilium / exsilium (banishment, forced removal from one's homeland), from exsul / exul (a banished person, one who wanders outside), from ex- (out, away from) + PIE root *h2el- (to wander, to roam beyond). The second element is related to Latin ambulāre (to walk) and possibly to Greek alē (wandering, homesickness). An exul was literally one who had been driven out and now wandered — the root captured both the compulsion of banishment and the resulting aimless roaming. The word entered Old French and Middle English
In ancient Rome, exile came in two flavours: 'relegatio' (a milder form where you kept your property and citizenship but had to leave) and 'deportatio' (the harsh form where you lost everything). The poet Ovid suffered relegatio to Tomis on the Black Sea in 8 CE; he spent the remaining decade of his life writing mournful poetry begging Augustus to let him return. Augustus never did.