franchise

/ˈfræn.tʃaɪz/·noun·c. 1300·Established

Origin

From the Franks — the Germanic tribe whose name became the French word for 'free.' A franchise was a‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍ny freedom or privilege, connecting McDonald's licences to voting rights through a 5th-century tribal invasion.

Definition

An authorisation granted by a company to sell its goods or services in a particular area; also, the ‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍right to vote in public elections.

Did you know?

A McDonald's franchise and the right to vote are the same word because of the Franks — the Germanic tribe that conquered Gaul. Only Franks were legally free, so 'franc' came to mean 'free,' and 'franchise' meant any privilege or freedom. The connection between a fast-food licence and democratic suffrage is a 5th-century tribal invasion.

Etymology

Old French14th centurywell-attested

From Old French 'franchise' (freedom, free status, privilege), from 'franc' (free), from Medieval Latin 'francus' (free), from the ethnic name 'Francus' (a Frank). The Franks were the Germanic people who conquered Gaul in the 5th century CE and gave France its name. In Frankish-ruled territory, only Franks had full legal freedom — the conquered Gallo-Roman population had lesser status. Thus 'to be frank' came to mean 'to be free,' and 'franchise' meant a freedom or privilege. The modern commercial sense (a licensed right to operate under a brand) developed in the 19th century. The political sense (the right to vote) emerged in the 15th century. Key roots: franc (Old French: "free").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

franchise(French)franquicia(Spanish)Franchise(German)franchigia(Italian)

Franchise traces back to Old French franc, meaning "free". Across languages it shares form or sense with French franchise, Spanish franquicia, German Franchise and Italian franchigia, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

language
also from Old French
pay
also from Old French
journey
also from Old French
javelin
also from Old French
travel
also from Old French
claim
also from Old French
frank
related word
france
related word
enfranchise
related word
franc
related word
franquicia
Spanish
franchigia
Italian

See also

franchise on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
franchise on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Franchise

The word 'franchise' exists because the Franks conquered Gaul.‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍ The Germanic tribe that gave France its name also gave the French language its word for freedom: 'franc' (free), because in Frankish-ruled territory, only Franks enjoyed full legal liberty. 'Franchise' meant a freedom or privilege — first applied to political rights (the franchise = the right to vote) and later to commercial licences (a franchise = authorised use of a brand). The same root produced 'frank' (candid, as in 'speaking freely'), the French currency 'franc' (originally a coin inscribed 'Francorum Rex,' King of the Franks), and 'enfranchise' (to grant freedom or voting rights). The fact that a McDonald's licence and universal suffrage share a name traces back to a 5th-century invasion.

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