From Old English 'borgian' (to pledge, stand surety) — originally not about taking temporarily but about giving a guarantee for return.
To take and use something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it.
From Old English 'borgian' meaning 'to borrow, to lend, to pledge as security,' from 'borg' (a pledge, surety, security), from Proto-Germanic *burgō (pledge, bail). The original meaning centered not on the act of taking something temporarily but on providing a pledge or guarantee for its return. The word is related to 'borough' and 'bury' through Proto-Germanic *burgz (fortified