Arrange entered English from Old French arangier ('to put in a row'), built on rang ('row, rank'), which itself derives from Frankish *hring ('ring') — a Germanic word that returned to English in French disguise.
To put things in a particular order or position; to organise or plan the details of an event in advance; to adapt a musical composition for different instruments or voices.
From Old French arangier ('to put in a row, set in order'), composed of a- (from Latin ad-, 'to') and rangier ('to set in a row'), from rang ('a row, rank'), which derives from Frankish *hring ('ring, circle') or a related Germanic source akin to Old High German hring. The underlying image is of placing things in a ring or row — military ranks standing in formation. English borrowed the word in the fourteenth century, initially for physical ordering
The word 'arrange' has a hidden Germanic core inside its French clothing. The rang in arrange comes from Frankish *hring ('ring'), the same root as English 'ring'. French borrowed the Germanic word for a circle of warriors and turned it into a word for any orderly row — then English borrowed it back, no longer recognising its own ancestor.