bible

/ˈbaɪ.bəl/·noun·c. 1325·Established

Origin

Named after the Phoenician port of Byblos, the ancient world's papyrus capital — 'Bible' literally m‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍eans 'the books,' rooted in a city that exported writing materials.

Definition

The sacred scriptures of Christianity, comprising the Old and New Testaments; also used generally fo‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍r any authoritative book.

Did you know?

The word 'Bible' ultimately derives from the name of a Lebanese port city — Byblos — which exported so much papyrus to Greece that the Greeks named their word for 'book' after the city. The Phoenicians who lived there would have had no idea their city's name would one day label the most printed book in human history.

Etymology

Latin14th centurywell-attested

From Medieval Latin 'biblia' (the books), from Greek 'ta biblia' (the books), plural of 'biblion' (book, scroll), diminutive of 'biblos' or 'byblos' (papyrus, paper). The Greek word derives from 'Byblos,' the name of the ancient Phoenician port city (modern Jbeil, Lebanon) that was the primary exporter of papyrus to the Greek world. So the word 'bible' ultimately traces back to a city name. In Latin, the Greek neuter plural 'biblia' was reinterpreted as a feminine singular noun, which is why Romance languages treat it as a single book rather than a collection. English adopted it via Old French 'bible.' Key roots: biblion (Ancient Greek: "book, scroll").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

bible(French)Biblia(Spanish)Bibel(German)Bibbia(Italian)

Bible traces back to Ancient Greek biblion, meaning "book, scroll". Across languages it shares form or sense with French bible, Spanish Biblia, German Bibel and Italian Bibbia, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

salary
also from Latin
latin
also from Latin
germanic
also from Latin
mean
also from Latin
produce
also from Latin
century
also from Latin
bibliography
related word
bibliophile
related word
biblical
related word
bibliotheca
related word
biblia
Spanish
bibel
German
bibbia
Italian

See also

bible on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
bible on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Bible

The word 'Bible' traces back not to a religious concept but to a Lebanese port city.‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍ Byblos (modern Jbeil) was the ancient world's primary papyrus exporter, and the Greeks named their word for book — 'biblion' — after it. The plural 'ta biblia' (the books) became the standard term for the Christian scriptures in Greek. When Latin adopted it as 'biblia,' a grammatical accident occurred: the Greek neuter plural was reinterpreted as a Latin feminine singular, transforming 'the books' into 'the Book.' This is why we say 'the Bible is' rather than 'the Bible are.' Every word beginning with 'biblio-' — bibliography, bibliophile, bibliotheca — carries the memory of that Phoenician harbour.

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