android

/ˈæn.drɔɪd/·noun·1728·Established

Origin

Greek for 'man-shaped,' coined three centuries before the technology existed — technically, 'android‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍' only means male-shaped; a female equivalent would be 'gynoid'.

Definition

A robot or synthetic being designed to resemble a human in appearance and behaviour.‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍

Did you know?

Strictly speaking, 'android' means 'man-shaped,' not 'human-shaped.' Greek 'anēr' referred specifically to an adult male, not humanity in general (that would be 'anthrōpos'). So the linguistically correct term for a female-presenting robot would be 'gynoid,' from 'gynē' (woman) — a word that exists but has never caught on outside science fiction circles.

Etymology

Greek18th centurywell-attested

From Modern Latin 'androides,' from Greek 'anēr' (genitive 'andros,' meaning man, male person) + '-eidēs' (form, likeness), from 'eidos' (form, shape). The word was first used in English by Ephraim Chambers in his Cyclopaedia (1728) to describe supposed automata of Albertus Magnus and others. Earlier, it appeared in French as 'androïde.' The Greek root 'anēr' specifically means an adult male human, as opposed to 'anthrōpos' (human being in general), which is why 'android' technically means 'man-shaped' rather than 'human-shaped.' The suffix '-oid' (resembling) appears in dozens of English scientific terms: humanoid, asteroid, paranoid. Key roots: anēr / andros (Ancient Greek: "man, male human").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

androïde(French)androide(Spanish)Android(German)androide(Italian)

Android traces back to Ancient Greek anēr / andros, meaning "man, male human". Across languages it shares form or sense with French androïde, Spanish androide, German Android and Italian androide, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

music
also from Greek
idea
also from Greek
orphan
also from Greek
odyssey
also from Greek
angel
also from Greek
mentor
also from Greek
androgynous
related word
polyandry
related word
anthropoid
related word
humanoid
related word
androide
SpanishItalian
androïde
French

See also

android on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
android on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Android

The word 'android' was coined nearly three hundred years before any human-like robot existed.‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍ Ephraim Chambers used it in his 1728 Cyclopaedia to describe legendary automata attributed to medieval scholars like Albertus Magnus. The components are Greek: 'anēr' (man, specifically male) + '-eidos' (form, shape). This means 'android' technically denotes a male-shaped being — the correct term for a female-form robot would be 'gynoid,' from 'gynē' (woman), though science fiction has largely ignored this distinction. The suffix '-oid' (resembling) is one of Greek's most productive exports to English, appearing in 'humanoid,' 'asteroid,' 'paranoid,' and hundreds of scientific terms.

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