English 'Portugal' comes from Medieval Latin Portucale, a compound of Latin portus (harbour) and the Celtic settlement name Cale — the entire nation grew from a single port city on the Douro River.
English 'Portugal' derives from Medieval Latin 'Portucale', the name of the region around the mouth of the Douro River (modern Porto). The name combines Latin 'portus' (port, harbour) with 'Cale' — the name of a pre-Roman settlement at the Douro mouth. 'Cale' may derive from a Celtic word meaning 'harbour' or 'shelter' (compare Gaelic 'cala'), or from the Greek 'kallis' (beautiful). The settlement grew into the city of Porto ('the port'), and 'Portucale' — the territory
Several languages use 'Portugal' as their word for orange (the fruit), because Portuguese traders introduced sweet oranges to Europe from China. In Greek, an orange is 'portokáli' (πορτοκάλι); in Arabic, it's 'burtuqāl' (برتقال); in Turkish, 'portakal'. The country became so identified with the fruit it distributed that its name replaced the older word.