Word Roots

con-

Latin

“together, with”

58 descendants in database

comfort conceal concede conceive concept concern conclude concrete

re-

Latin

“back, again”

52 descendants in database

irrevocable recede receive recess recipe recluse recommend record

accelerate accept access accolade accommodate accomplish accredit accumulate

ad-

Latin

“to, toward”

51 descendants in database

astonish efficient efflorescence effort egregious elation elegance elegant

ex-

Latin

“out, out of”

43 descendants in database

dē-

Latin

“down, away from”

37 descendants in database

debt decadence decapitate declare dedicate deduce defect deficit

accommodate collect colloquial combat command commemorate commerce commission

com-

Latin

“together, with”

28 descendants in database

compromise improvise portrait proceed process produce proficient profit

prō-

Latin

“forward, forth”

26 descendants in database

sojourn subdue subjugate submit subscribe subsequent substance subterranean

sub-

Latin

“under, from below”

23 descendants in database

affect artifact artificial benefit counterfeit defect deficit efficient

facere

Latin

“to do, make”

23 descendants in database

dis-

Latin

“apart, in different directions”

23 descendants in database

defiance defy deploy differ diligence diligent diminish discern

mittere

Latin

“to send, let go, release”

20 descendants in database

admission admit commission commit compromise demise dismiss emissary

adverse converse conversion convert divert divorce extrovert introvert

vertere

Latin

“to turn”

18 descendants in database

capere

Latin

“to take, seize”

17 descendants in database

accept anticipate capable capacity captive capture conceive concept

per-

Latin

“through”

16 descendants in database

impertinent pardon perceive perennial perfect perfidy perish permit

Proto-Indo-European15 roots · 415 descendants

*ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European

“to beget, to give birth”

49 descendants in database

benign cognate collagen congenital degenerate engine eugenics gender

affect amphitheater artifact artifice artificial counterfeit defect deficit

*dʰeh₁-

Proto-Indo-European

“to put, to place, to make”

35 descendants in database

amnesia amnesty automation comment demented dementia demonstrate imminent

*men-

Proto-Indo-European

“to think”

34 descendants in database

armistice assist circumstance constant constitute constitution destiny distance

*steh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

“to stand”

34 descendants in database

*per-

Proto-Indo-European

“to lead, pass over”

33 descendants in database

before deport empirical espresso experience experiment export far

biology colleague collect college delegate dialect dialectic diligence

*leǵ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to collect, to gather”

32 descendants in database

abstain abstinent attain attend contain content contentment continence

*ten-

Proto-Indo-European

“to stretch, to hold”

31 descendants in database

*ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European

“to know”

23 descendants in database

acquaint agnostic can cognition cunning diagnose diagnosis gnosis

*wer-

Proto-Indo-European

“to turn, to bend”

22 descendants in database

adverse anniversary controversy converse covert divert divorce garage

abrogate arrogant correct derogatory direct erect interrogate prerogative

*h₃reǵ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to move in a straight line, to direct, to rule”

22 descendants in database

aspect auspicious expect inspect microscope perspective perspicacious prospect

*speḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to observe, to look”

21 descendants in database

*bʰeh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

“to speak”

21 descendants in database

affable cacophony epiphany euphony fable fame fatal fate

*keh₂p-

Proto-Indo-European

“to grasp”

20 descendants in database

accept anticipate capable capacity captive capture conceive concept

*deyḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to show, to point out”

20 descendants in database

benediction condition contradict desk deyḱ dictator diction digit

*pleḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to plait, to fold”

18 descendants in database

apply complex complicate deploy display duplicate employ explicate

acropolis Constantinople cosmopolitan megalopolis metropolis necropolis police policy

Greek15 roots · 89 descendants

polis (πόλις)

Greek

“city, city-state”

10 descendants in database

antipathy apathy empathy osteopath pathetic pathology psychopath sociopath

pathos

Greek

“suffering, disease”

10 descendants in database

dialogue ecology ideology ontological prologue psychology syllogism technology

logos (λόγος)

Greek

“word, study, discourse, reason”

9 descendants in database

autograph biography calligraphy geography graffiti graph graphic paragraph

graphein (γράφειν)

Greek

“to write, scratch, draw”

9 descendants in database

anthem cacophony microphone saxophone symphony telephone

phōnē

Greek

“voice, sound”

6 descendants in database

photosynthesis symbiosis symbol sympathy symphony symposium

syn-

Greek

“together, with”

6 descendants in database

parable paradox parallax parasite parole

para-

Greek

“beside, alongside”

5 descendants in database

analog epilogue geology logarithm zoology

logos

Greek

“ratio, proportion, reason, word”

5 descendants in database

anarchy archive hierarchy monarchy oligarchy

arkhein

Greek

“to rule, to begin”

5 descendants in database

amphibian autobiography microbe symbiosis

bios

Greek

“life”

4 descendants in database

syllable syllogism symptom system

syn- (σύν)

Greek

“together, with”

4 descendants in database

autobiography autocracy automation autonomy

autos

Greek

“self”

4 descendants in database

kaleidoscope microscope periscope telescope

skopeîn

Greek

“to look at, observe”

4 descendants in database

agnostic amnesia amnesty apathy

a-

Greek

“not, without”

4 descendants in database

anecdote eccentric eclipse ecliptic

ek-

Greek

“out”

4 descendants in database

Proto-Germanic15 roots · 40 descendants

*dagaz

Proto-Germanic

“day”

10 descendants in database

daisy dawn day Friday Monday Saturday Sunday Thursday

*bi-

Proto-Germanic

“by, near”

3 descendants in database

before begin between

*līkam

Proto-Germanic

“form, body, like”

3 descendants in database

each only such

*windaz

Proto-Germanic

“wind, moving air; reconstructed masculine a-stem noun ancestral to all Germanic 'wind' words”

2 descendants in database

wind window

*agiz

Proto-Germanic

“fear, terror”

2 descendants in database

awe awful

*augô

Proto-Germanic

“eye — direct precursor to Old English 'ēage,' Old Norse 'auga,' German 'Auge'”

2 descendants in database

daisy window

*blundaz

Proto-Germanic

“blind, dim-sighted”

2 descendants in database

blunder blunt

*bugô

Proto-Germanic

“a bend, bow, arch; something curved”

2 descendants in database

elbow rainbow

*frumjaną

Proto-Germanic

“to further, to promote”

2 descendants in database

furnish furniture

*gagina

Proto-Germanic

“against, toward”

2 descendants in database

again against

*hūsą

Proto-Germanic

“house, dwelling — ancestor of OE hūs, Dutch huis, German Haus; via diminutive formation possibly → husk”

2 descendants in database

house husk

*kunnaną

Proto-Germanic

“to know, to be able — ancestor of can, ken, cunning, kith, uncouth”

2 descendants in database

cunning kith

*murganaz

Proto-Germanic

“morning”

2 descendants in database

*seglą

Proto-Germanic

“sail”

2 descendants in database

sail sailor

*skipą

Proto-Germanic

“ship”

2 descendants in database

ship skipper

Old English13 roots · 32 descendants

eall

Old English

“all, whole, entire”

5 descendants in database

almost alone already also always

be-

Old English

“thoroughly (intensifier)”

4 descendants in database

above behind bestow bewitch

ǣfre

Old English

“ever, always”

3 descendants in database

every forever never

hlāf

Old English

“loaf, bread”

2 descendants in database

lady lord

gylt

Old English

“crime, sin, fault, debt”

2 descendants in database

guilt guilty

wīf

Old English

“woman, female (uncertain further origin)”

2 descendants in database

wife woman

morgen

Old English

“morning, dawn”

2 descendants in database

niht

Old English

“night”

2 descendants in database

midnight nightmare

-ful

Old English

“full of”

2 descendants in database

awful beautiful

wiþ

Old English

“against, opposite, toward”

2 descendants in database

within without

bord

Old English

“plank, table, board”

2 descendants in database

cupboard starboard

-es

Old English

“genitive suffix (adverbial)”

2 descendants in database

once twice

ān

Old English

“one”

2 descendants in database

alone once

achromatic chromatic monochrome polychrome

Ancient Greek14 roots · 31 descendants

khrōma

Ancient Greek

“colour, pigment”

4 descendants in database

ἀ- (a-)

Ancient Greek

“not, without”

3 descendants in database

asylum atheist atom

ἤλεκτρον (ēlektron)

Ancient Greek

“amber”

2 descendants in database

electric electricity

kratos (κράτος)

Ancient Greek

“power, strength, rule — productive suffix in political compounds: democracy, theocracy, plutocracy”

2 descendants in database

aristocracy democracy

κατά (kata)

Ancient Greek

“down”

2 descendants in database

catalyst cathedral

λόγος (logos)

Ancient Greek

“reason, ratio, proportion, word, discourse”

2 descendants in database

analogy biology

manía

Ancient Greek

“madness, frenzy, divine inspiration”

2 descendants in database

maniac pyromaniac

-osis

Ancient Greek

“condition, process, abnormal state”

2 descendants in database

neurosis psychosis

phōnē

Ancient Greek

“voice, sound, tone”

2 descendants in database

euphony phonetic

λόγος (lógos)

Ancient Greek

“word, reason, account, study”

2 descendants in database

etymology logic

pŷr

Ancient Greek

“fire”

2 descendants in database

pyre pyromaniac

psȳchḗ

Ancient Greek

“breath, life, soul, mind”

2 descendants in database

psyche psychosis

a-

Ancient Greek

“not, un-”

2 descendants in database

achromatic diamond

ἐπί (epí)

Ancient Greek

“on, upon, for (a duration)”

2 descendants in database

ephemeral epiphany

alcohol almanac apricot elixir

Arabic3 roots · 8 descendants

al- (ال)

Arabic

“the (definite article)”

4 descendants in database

qahwa

Arabic

“coffee (originally wine)”

2 descendants in database

cafeteria coffee

al-

Arabic

“the (definite article)”

2 descendants in database

alchemy azimuth

Late Latin3 roots · 6 descendants

mōtīvus

Late Latin

“moving, impelling”

2 descendants in database

locomotive motive

cappa

Late Latin

“cloak, cape, hooded garment”

2 descendants in database

cappuccino escape

aptitudo

Late Latin

“fitness, suitability, natural capacity”

2 descendants in database

aptitude attitude

Frankish / Old High German1 root · 2 descendants

*trumba

Frankish / Old High German

“trumpet (onomatopoeic)”

2 descendants in database

trombone trumpet

German1 root · 2 descendants

Geist

German

“ghost, spirit, from OHG 'geist,' from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from PIE *gʰeys- (to be excited, frightened)”

2 descendants in database

poltergeist zeitgeist

Italian (from Latin -issimus)1 root · 2 descendants

-issimo

Italian (from Latin -issimus)

“absolute superlative suffix”

2 descendants in database

fortissimo pianissimo

Japanese1 root · 2 descendants

sha (者)

Japanese

“person”

2 descendants in database

geisha ninja

Latin (archaic)1 root · 2 descendants

gnōrāre

Latin (archaic)

“to know”

2 descendants in database

ignorant ignore

Latin (from Gaulish)1 root · 2 descendants

battuere

Latin (from Gaulish)

“to beat, to strike”

2 descendants in database

combat debate

Latin/Old French1 root · 2 descendants

re-

Latin/Old French

“again, back”

2 descendants in database

regret retrieve

Old French1 root · 2 descendants

chief / chef

Old French

“head; leader; most important part”

2 descendants in database

chef chief

Old Norse1 root · 2 descendants

happ

Old Norse

“luck, chance”

2 descendants in database

happy perhaps

Portuguese1 root · 2 descendants

varanda

Portuguese

“long balcony, open gallery, railing — carried to India by Portuguese colonists from 1510”

2 descendants in database

veranda verandah

possibly Scandinavian1 root · 2 descendants

uncertain

possibly Scandinavian

“spray, shower”

2 descendants in database

big fog

Proto-Slavic1 root · 2 descendants

*slovo

Proto-Slavic

“word, speech”

2 descendants in database

slave Slavic

Sanskrit1 root · 2 descendants

śūnya

Sanskrit

“empty, void (the philosophical concept of emptiness)”

2 descendants in database

cipher zero

in-“in, into”69 English words · Latin

Word Roots

Where English words come from — traced back thousands of years

743roots traced

21source languages

2,172words connected

Most influential

The roots that shaped the most English words

empireemployenchantenclose+16

con-“together, with”58 English words · Latin

comfortconcealconcedeconceive+16

re-“back, again”52 English words · Latin

irrevocablerecedereceiverecess+16

ad-“to, toward”51 English words · Latin

accelerateacceptaccessaccolade+16

*ǵenh₁-“to beget, to give birth”49 English words · Proto-Indo-European

benigncognatecollagencongenital+16

Explore as a visual tree→

All roots by language

Filter by source language · tap any root to see its full family

743roots

21source languages

2,172descendant words

Latin15 roots · 504 descendants

in-

Latin

“in, into”

69 descendants in database

empire employ enchant enclose endurance endure enemy engine

con-

Latin

“together, with”

58 descendants in database

comfort conceal concede conceive concept concern conclude concrete

re-

Latin

“back, again”

52 descendants in database

irrevocable recede receive recess recipe recluse recommend record

accelerate accept access accolade accommodate accomplish accredit accumulate

ad-

Latin

“to, toward”

51 descendants in database

astonish efficient efflorescence effort egregious elation elegance elegant

ex-

Latin

“out, out of”

43 descendants in database

dē-

Latin

“down, away from”

37 descendants in database

debt decadence decapitate declare dedicate deduce defect deficit

accommodate collect colloquial combat command commemorate commerce commission

com-

Latin

“together, with”

28 descendants in database

compromise improvise portrait proceed process produce proficient profit

prō-

Latin

“forward, forth”

26 descendants in database

sojourn subdue subjugate submit subscribe subsequent substance subterranean

sub-

Latin

“under, from below”

23 descendants in database

affect artifact artificial benefit counterfeit defect deficit efficient

facere

Latin

“to do, make”

23 descendants in database

dis-

Latin

“apart, in different directions”

23 descendants in database

defiance defy deploy differ diligence diligent diminish discern

mittere

Latin

“to send, let go, release”

20 descendants in database

admission admit commission commit compromise demise dismiss emissary

adverse converse conversion convert divert divorce extrovert introvert

vertere

Latin

“to turn”

18 descendants in database

capere

Latin

“to take, seize”

17 descendants in database

accept anticipate capable capacity captive capture conceive concept

per-

Latin

“through”

16 descendants in database

impertinent pardon perceive perennial perfect perfidy perish permit

Proto-Indo-European15 roots · 415 descendants

*ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European

“to beget, to give birth”

49 descendants in database

benign cognate collagen congenital degenerate engine eugenics gender

affect amphitheater artifact artifice artificial counterfeit defect deficit

*dʰeh₁-

Proto-Indo-European

“to put, to place, to make”

35 descendants in database

amnesia amnesty automation comment demented dementia demonstrate imminent

*men-

Proto-Indo-European

“to think”

34 descendants in database

armistice assist circumstance constant constitute constitution destiny distance

*steh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

“to stand”

34 descendants in database

*per-

Proto-Indo-European

“to lead, pass over”

33 descendants in database

before deport empirical espresso experience experiment export far

biology colleague collect college delegate dialect dialectic diligence

*leǵ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to collect, to gather”

32 descendants in database

abstain abstinent attain attend contain content contentment continence

*ten-

Proto-Indo-European

“to stretch, to hold”

31 descendants in database

*ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European

“to know”

23 descendants in database

acquaint agnostic can cognition cunning diagnose diagnosis gnosis

*wer-

Proto-Indo-European

“to turn, to bend”

22 descendants in database

adverse anniversary controversy converse covert divert divorce garage

abrogate arrogant correct derogatory direct erect interrogate prerogative

*h₃reǵ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to move in a straight line, to direct, to rule”

22 descendants in database

aspect auspicious expect inspect microscope perspective perspicacious prospect

*speḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to observe, to look”

21 descendants in database

*bʰeh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

“to speak”

21 descendants in database

affable cacophony epiphany euphony fable fame fatal fate

*keh₂p-

Proto-Indo-European

“to grasp”

20 descendants in database

accept anticipate capable capacity captive capture conceive concept

*deyḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to show, to point out”

20 descendants in database

benediction condition contradict desk deyḱ dictator diction digit

*pleḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

“to plait, to fold”

18 descendants in database

apply complex complicate deploy display duplicate employ explicate

acropolis Constantinople cosmopolitan megalopolis metropolis necropolis police policy

Greek15 roots · 89 descendants

polis (πόλις)

Greek

“city, city-state”

10 descendants in database

antipathy apathy empathy osteopath pathetic pathology psychopath sociopath

pathos

Greek

“suffering, disease”

10 descendants in database

dialogue ecology ideology ontological prologue psychology syllogism technology

logos (λόγος)

Greek

“word, study, discourse, reason”

9 descendants in database

autograph biography calligraphy geography graffiti graph graphic paragraph

graphein (γράφειν)

Greek

“to write, scratch, draw”

9 descendants in database

anthem cacophony microphone saxophone symphony telephone

phōnē

Greek

“voice, sound”

6 descendants in database

photosynthesis symbiosis symbol sympathy symphony symposium

syn-

Greek

“together, with”

6 descendants in database

parable paradox parallax parasite parole

para-

Greek

“beside, alongside”

5 descendants in database

analog epilogue geology logarithm zoology

logos

Greek

“ratio, proportion, reason, word”

5 descendants in database

anarchy archive hierarchy monarchy oligarchy

arkhein

Greek

“to rule, to begin”

5 descendants in database

amphibian autobiography microbe symbiosis

bios

Greek

“life”

4 descendants in database

syllable syllogism symptom system

syn- (σύν)

Greek

“together, with”

4 descendants in database

autobiography autocracy automation autonomy

autos

Greek

“self”

4 descendants in database

kaleidoscope microscope periscope telescope

skopeîn

Greek

“to look at, observe”

4 descendants in database

agnostic amnesia amnesty apathy

a-

Greek

“not, without”

4 descendants in database

anecdote eccentric eclipse ecliptic

ek-

Greek

“out”

4 descendants in database

Proto-Germanic15 roots · 40 descendants

*dagaz

Proto-Germanic

“day”

10 descendants in database

daisy dawn day Friday Monday Saturday Sunday Thursday

*bi-

Proto-Germanic

“by, near”

3 descendants in database

before begin between

*līkam

Proto-Germanic

“form, body, like”

3 descendants in database

each only such

*windaz

Proto-Germanic

“wind, moving air; reconstructed masculine a-stem noun ancestral to all Germanic 'wind' words”

2 descendants in database

wind window

*agiz

Proto-Germanic

“fear, terror”

2 descendants in database

awe awful

*augô

Proto-Germanic

“eye — direct precursor to Old English 'ēage,' Old Norse 'auga,' German 'Auge'”

2 descendants in database

daisy window

*blundaz

Proto-Germanic

“blind, dim-sighted”

2 descendants in database

blunder blunt

*bugô

Proto-Germanic

“a bend, bow, arch; something curved”

2 descendants in database

elbow rainbow

*frumjaną

Proto-Germanic

“to further, to promote”

2 descendants in database

furnish furniture

*gagina

Proto-Germanic

“against, toward”

2 descendants in database

again against

*hūsą

Proto-Germanic

“house, dwelling — ancestor of OE hūs, Dutch huis, German Haus; via diminutive formation possibly → husk”

2 descendants in database

house husk

*kunnaną

Proto-Germanic

“to know, to be able — ancestor of can, ken, cunning, kith, uncouth”

2 descendants in database

cunning kith

*murganaz

Proto-Germanic

“morning”

2 descendants in database

*seglą

Proto-Germanic

“sail”

2 descendants in database

sail sailor

*skipą

Proto-Germanic

“ship”

2 descendants in database

ship skipper

Old English13 roots · 32 descendants

eall

Old English

“all, whole, entire”

5 descendants in database

almost alone already also always

be-

Old English

“thoroughly (intensifier)”

4 descendants in database

above behind bestow bewitch

ǣfre

Old English

“ever, always”

3 descendants in database

every forever never

hlāf

Old English

“loaf, bread”

2 descendants in database

lady lord

gylt

Old English

“crime, sin, fault, debt”

2 descendants in database

guilt guilty

wīf

Old English

“woman, female (uncertain further origin)”

2 descendants in database

wife woman

morgen

Old English

“morning, dawn”

2 descendants in database

niht

Old English

“night”

2 descendants in database

midnight nightmare

-ful

Old English

“full of”

2 descendants in database

awful beautiful

wiþ

Old English

“against, opposite, toward”

2 descendants in database

within without

bord

Old English

“plank, table, board”

2 descendants in database

cupboard starboard

-es

Old English

“genitive suffix (adverbial)”

2 descendants in database

once twice

ān

Old English

“one”

2 descendants in database

alone once

achromatic chromatic monochrome polychrome

Ancient Greek14 roots · 31 descendants

khrōma

Ancient Greek

“colour, pigment”

4 descendants in database

ἀ- (a-)

Ancient Greek

“not, without”

3 descendants in database

asylum atheist atom

ἤλεκτρον (ēlektron)

Ancient Greek

“amber”

2 descendants in database

electric electricity

kratos (κράτος)

Ancient Greek

“power, strength, rule — productive suffix in political compounds: democracy, theocracy, plutocracy”

2 descendants in database

aristocracy democracy

κατά (kata)

Ancient Greek

“down”

2 descendants in database

catalyst cathedral

λόγος (logos)

Ancient Greek

“reason, ratio, proportion, word, discourse”

2 descendants in database

analogy biology

manía

Ancient Greek

“madness, frenzy, divine inspiration”

2 descendants in database

maniac pyromaniac

-osis

Ancient Greek

“condition, process, abnormal state”

2 descendants in database

neurosis psychosis

phōnē

Ancient Greek

“voice, sound, tone”

2 descendants in database

euphony phonetic

λόγος (lógos)

Ancient Greek

“word, reason, account, study”

2 descendants in database

etymology logic

pŷr

Ancient Greek

“fire”

2 descendants in database

pyre pyromaniac

psȳchḗ

Ancient Greek

“breath, life, soul, mind”

2 descendants in database

psyche psychosis

a-

Ancient Greek

“not, un-”

2 descendants in database

achromatic diamond

ἐπί (epí)

Ancient Greek

“on, upon, for (a duration)”

2 descendants in database

ephemeral epiphany

alcohol almanac apricot elixir

Arabic3 roots · 8 descendants

al- (ال)

Arabic

“the (definite article)”

4 descendants in database

qahwa

Arabic

“coffee (originally wine)”

2 descendants in database

cafeteria coffee

al-

Arabic

“the (definite article)”

2 descendants in database

alchemy azimuth

Late Latin3 roots · 6 descendants

mōtīvus

Late Latin

“moving, impelling”

2 descendants in database

locomotive motive

cappa

Late Latin

“cloak, cape, hooded garment”

2 descendants in database

cappuccino escape

aptitudo

Late Latin

“fitness, suitability, natural capacity”

2 descendants in database

aptitude attitude

Frankish / Old High German1 root · 2 descendants

*trumba

Frankish / Old High German

“trumpet (onomatopoeic)”

2 descendants in database

trombone trumpet

German1 root · 2 descendants

Geist

German

“ghost, spirit, from OHG 'geist,' from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from PIE *gʰeys- (to be excited, frightened)”

2 descendants in database

poltergeist zeitgeist

Italian (from Latin -issimus)1 root · 2 descendants

-issimo

Italian (from Latin -issimus)

“absolute superlative suffix”

2 descendants in database

fortissimo pianissimo

Japanese1 root · 2 descendants

sha (者)

Japanese

“person”

2 descendants in database

geisha ninja

Latin (archaic)1 root · 2 descendants

gnōrāre

Latin (archaic)

“to know”

2 descendants in database

ignorant ignore

Latin (from Gaulish)1 root · 2 descendants

battuere

Latin (from Gaulish)

“to beat, to strike”

2 descendants in database

combat debate

Latin/Old French1 root · 2 descendants

re-

Latin/Old French

“again, back”

2 descendants in database

regret retrieve

Old French1 root · 2 descendants

chief / chef

Old French

“head; leader; most important part”

2 descendants in database

chef chief

Old Norse1 root · 2 descendants

happ

Old Norse

“luck, chance”

2 descendants in database

happy perhaps

Portuguese1 root · 2 descendants

varanda

Portuguese

“long balcony, open gallery, railing — carried to India by Portuguese colonists from 1510”

2 descendants in database

veranda verandah

possibly Scandinavian1 root · 2 descendants

uncertain

possibly Scandinavian

“spray, shower”

2 descendants in database

big fog

Proto-Slavic1 root · 2 descendants

*slovo

Proto-Slavic

“word, speech”

2 descendants in database

slave Slavic

Sanskrit1 root · 2 descendants

śūnya

Sanskrit

“empty, void (the philosophical concept of emptiness)”

2 descendants in database

cipher zero