helix

/ˈhiː.lɪks/·noun·1563·Established

Origin

From Greek hélix (spiral, coil), from helissein (to turn), from PIE *wel- (to turn, to roll).‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌ The double helix of DNA made the word globally known after Watson and Crick in 1953.

Definition

A three-dimensional curve that winds around an axis at a constant distance, like a corkscrew or spir‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌al staircase.

Did you know?

Helicopter also contains the Greek helix root — it is not heli-copter but helico-pter, from helix ('spiral') and pteron ('wing'). A helicopter is literally a 'spiral-wing' aircraft, not a 'sun-wing' as the common misparsing might suggest.

Etymology

Greek16th centurywell-attested

From Latin helix, from Greek helix (ἕλιξ), meaning 'spiral, coil, anything that winds or twists.' The Greek word derives from the verb helissein ('to turn, to wind, to twist'), from the PIE root *wel- ('to turn, to roll'), which also produced Latin volvere ('to roll'), giving English 'revolve,' 'volume,' and 'evolve.' In anatomy, the helix names the outer rim of the ear, which curls like a spiral. The double helix of DNA, described by Watson and Crick in 1953, made the word globally famous. Key roots: helix (Greek: "spiral, coil").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

hélice(French)hélice(Spanish)elica(Italian)

Helix traces back to Greek helix, meaning "spiral, coil". Across languages it shares form or sense with French hélice, Spanish hélice and Italian elica, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

helix on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
helix on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Helix

Greek helix meant any spiral or coiling thing — a tendril, a snail shell, the curl of a wave.‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌ The word entered English in the 16th century as a mathematical and architectural term, but its modern fame rests on Watson and Crick's 1953 description of DNA's double helix structure. The Greek source verb helissein ('to turn, to wind') connects to PIE *wel- ('to turn'), the same root behind Latin volvere and English revolve, volume, and evolve. A less obvious descendant is helicopter, which is not heli-copter but helico-pter: helix ('spiral') plus pteron ('wing'). In anatomy, the helix is the curved outer rim of the ear, named for its spiral fold. French and Spanish use hélice for both the geometric shape and a propeller — making the connection between spinning and spiralling explicit.

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