garrote

/ɡəˈrɒt/·noun·early 17th century·Reconstructed

Origin

Garrote is from Spanish garrote (cudgel; strangulation device).‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍ Origin disputed: probably from Old French garrot (twisting stick) or an Iberian substrate.

Definition

Garrote: a cord, wire, or iron collar used to strangle a person; the act of strangling someone with ‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍such a device.

Did you know?

The Spanish garrote was, paradoxically, an instrument with a humane reputation — when introduced it was thought less cruel than hanging, because it killed by spinal compression rather than by slow asphyxiation.

Etymology

Spanishearly 17th centurymultiple theories

From Spanish garrote (a stick, a cudgel; a Spanish method of execution by strangulation), of disputed origin. Two main proposals: from Old French garrot (a thick stick used to twist and tighten a tourniquet — itself perhaps from a Frankish *wrokkōn, to twist), or from a pre-Roman Iberian substrate word. The execution sense — a wooden post fitted with an iron collar that tightened around the condemned's neck by a turning screw — was a method of judicial killing in Spain and Portugal from the medieval period until the 1970s. English borrowed garrote in the early 17th century, initially meaning the Spanish device.

This Word in Other Languages

garrote(Spanish)garrot(French)

Across languages it shares form or sense with Spanish garrote and French garrot, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

garrote on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
garrote on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Garrote

Garrote is a Spanish loanword whose own origin is genuinely contested.‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍ The Spanish noun garrote referred originally to a thick wooden stick or cudgel and, by extension, to any stick used to twist and tighten something — particularly the wooden lever inserted into a tourniquet or rope to apply pressure. From this twisting-stick sense it came to name a specific Iberian instrument of execution: a wooden post with an iron collar that tightened around the condemned person's neck by a turning screw or lever. This device was used in Spain and Portugal as a judicial method of killing from at least the 13th century until 1974. English borrowed garrote in the early 17th century in this Spanish-execution sense and later extended it to any cord, wire, or band used to strangle someone, especially as an assassination tool. The deeper origin of Spanish garrote is disputed: most lexicographers favour a derivation from Old French garrot (a thick stick used in tourniquets, possibly from a Frankish *wrokkōn, to twist), but a pre-Roman Iberian substrate origin has also been proposed. The honest answer is that the etymology is uncertain.

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