epic

/ˈɛp.ɪk/·adjective·1589·Established

Origin

From Greek 'epos' (word, song) — sharing its Proto-Indo-European root with 'voice.' Originally reser‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌ved for Homer-scale poetry, now applied to everything from films to sandwiches.

Definition

Relating to or characteristic of a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds; impressively great ‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌in scale or scope.

Did you know?

The Proto-Indo-European root behind 'epic' (*wekʷ-, to speak) also produced Latin 'vox' and English 'voice.' So 'epic' and 'voice' are distant cousins — both descended from the same prehistoric word for speaking. When someone calls a meal 'epic,' they are applying a 3,500-year-old word for Homeric poetry to a plate of food.

Etymology

Greek16th centurywell-attested

From Latin 'epicus,' from Greek 'epikos' (relating to the word, to narrative poetry), from 'epos' (word, song, narrative). In ancient Greece, 'epos' specifically meant the kind of oral poetry performed by bards like Homer — long narratives in dactylic hexameter about gods and heroes. The word is from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (to speak), making it a distant cousin of Latin 'vox' (voice), English 'voice,' and Sanskrit 'vāc' (speech). The modern colloquial use of 'epic' to mean 'awesome' or 'impressively large' emerged in the late 20th century, trivialising a term that once referred exclusively to works like the Iliad and Odyssey. Key roots: epos (Ancient Greek: "word, song, narrative").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

épique(French)épico(Spanish)episch(German)epico(Italian)

Epic traces back to Ancient Greek epos, meaning "word, song, narrative". Across languages it shares form or sense with French épique, Spanish épico, German episch and Italian epico, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

epic on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
epic on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Epic

In ancient Greece, 'epos' meant the spoken word — specifically, the kind of oral narrative poetry performed by bards.‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌ Homer's Iliad and Odyssey were the supreme examples, and 'epikos' described anything pertaining to that tradition. The word traces to Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (to speak), the same root that produced Latin 'vox' and English 'voice.' Latin borrowed it as 'epicus,' and English adopted it in 1589, initially using it strictly for long heroic poems. The scope crept outward: by the 18th century, 'epic' described anything grand in scale, and by the 21st century, internet culture had extended it to sandwiches, fails, and skateboard tricks — a semantic journey that Homer might have found, well, epic.

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