antenna

/Γ¦nˈtΙ›n.Ι™/Β·nounΒ·1646 (biology); 1895 (radio)Β·Established

Origin

Originally a Latin word for a ship's sail yard β€” borrowed twice by metaphor, first for insect feelerβ€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œs (1646), then for radio devices (1895), each time because something resembled a horizontal spar.

Definition

A rod or device used for transmitting or receiving radio waves; also, either of a pair of sensory apβ€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œpendages on the heads of insects and crustaceans.

Did you know?

The word 'antenna' was borrowed three times for three different things, each time because something looked like a ship's sail yard. First Latin used 'antenna' for the horizontal spar holding a sail. Then in 1646, a translator chose it for insect feelers because they resembled tiny sail yards. Then in 1895, Marconi chose it for his radio apparatus mounted on tall poles. The original nautical meaning is now virtually forgotten.

Etymology

Latin17th century (biological); 19th century (radio)well-attested

From Latin 'antenna' or 'antemna' (a sail yard β€” the horizontal spar from which a sail hangs on a ship). The biological sense was coined in 1646 by Theodore Gaza, who translated Aristotle's 'History of Animals' into Latin and needed a word for insect feelers β€” he chose 'antenna' because the slender appendages resembled the sail yards of ships. The radio sense was coined by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895, who mounted his early wireless apparatus on tall poles that resembled both insect antennae and ship's sail yards. Both metaphorical uses have now so completely displaced the original nautical meaning that most English speakers have never encountered it. Key roots: antenna (Latin: "sail yard").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

antenne(French)antena(Spanish)Antenne(German)antenna(Italian)

Antenna traces back to Latin antenna, meaning "sail yard". Across languages it shares form or sense with French antenne, Spanish antena, German Antenne and Italian antenna, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

antenna on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
antenna on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Antenna

An antenna was originally a spar.β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œ Latin 'antenna' (or 'antemna') denoted the horizontal yard from which a Roman ship's sail hung. In 1646, the scholar Theodore Gaza needed a Latin word for insect feelers when translating Aristotle, and chose 'antenna' because the slender appendages reminded him of sail yards. Two and a half centuries later, Guglielmo Marconi mounted his wireless telegraph apparatus on tall poles and reused the same word. Both metaphorical leaps proved so successful that the original nautical meaning has been almost completely forgotten. English uniquely preserves both biological and technological senses, using the Latin plural 'antennae' for insects and the anglicised 'antennas' for radio equipment.

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