affair

/Ι™Λˆfɛː/Β·nounΒ·13th centuryΒ·Established

Origin

From Old French a faire (to do), from Latin ad facere.β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€ Entered English in the 13th century meaning 'business' or 'matter.' The romantic sense developed later from the idea of a private matter.

Definition

An event or sequence of events of a specified kind; a matter of public interest or concern; a romantβ€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€ic or sexual relationship outside marriage.

Did you know?

French gave English both 'affair' and 'ado' from similar origins. 'Ado' comes from Northern French a faire via a Scandinavian-influenced pronunciation. Meanwhile, the German borrowing AffΓ€re skipped straight to the scandalous meaning, showing how the romantic sense spread across Europe in the eighteenth century.

Etymology

Latin13th centurywell-attested

From Old French afaire ('business, matter'), originally the phrase a faire ('to do'), from Latin ad ('to') and facere ('to do, make'). The word started as a description of anything that needed doing β€” business, tasks, concerns. Anglo-Norman compressed the phrase into a single word. English borrowed it in the thirteenth century meaning 'what one has to do' or 'business matters'. The plural 'affairs' (as in 'affairs of state') preserves this original breadth. The romantic sense β€” 'an affair' β€” developed in the eighteenth century, euphemistically referring to private business of a scandalous nature. Key roots: ad (Latin: "to"), facere (Latin: "to do, make").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

affaire(French)affare(Italian)AffΓ€re(German)

Affair traces back to Latin ad, meaning "to", with related forms in Latin facere ("to do, make"). Across languages it shares form or sense with French affaire, Italian affare and German AffΓ€re, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

affair on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
affair on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Affair

Strip away the centuries and 'affair' is simply 'something to do'.β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€ It entered English from Old French afaire, which was itself the compressed phrase a faire β€” 'to do' β€” built from Latin ad ('to') and facere ('to do, make'). In thirteenth-century English, an affair was any piece of business or matter requiring attention. The plural 'affairs' still carries this meaning: foreign affairs, business affairs, current affairs β€” all just things that need doing. The romantic sense arrived much later, in the eighteenth century, as a genteel euphemism for private business best not discussed openly. The same Latin root facere runs through dozens of English words β€” fact, factory, fashion, feasible, effect, perfect β€” all sharing that fundamental idea of doing or making. Affair stands out because it preserves not just the root but the entire Latin infinitive phrase, fossilised in a single English word.

Keep Exploring

Share