quagmire

/ˈkwɒɡ.maɪər/·noun·1570s·Established

Origin

Quagmire combines quag ('ground that quakes') with mire (from Old Norse mýrr, 'bog'), literally desc‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌ribing trembling swampy ground.

Definition

A soft, boggy area of land that gives way underfoot; a difficult or entrapping situation.‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌

Did you know?

The word quag — the first half of quagmire — is essentially extinct in standard English but survives in this compound. It meant ground that quakes or trembles underfoot, perfectly describing the unsettling sensation of walking on a bog.

Etymology

English16th centurywell-attested

A compound of quag (a variant of quake, meaning 'to shake, to tremble') and mire ('swampy ground, bog'). The word literally describes ground that shakes or trembles when walked upon — the characteristic behaviour of a bog. Quag, now obsolete outside dialect, described marshy ground that quaked underfoot. The element mire comes from Old Norse mýrr ('bog, swamp'), related to moss and the mossy terrain of Scandinavian landscapes. The metaphorical sense of 'a difficult situation from which it is hard to extricate oneself' appeared by the early 18th century. Key roots: cwacian (Old English: "to shake, tremble"), mýrr (Old Norse: "bog, swamp").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

myr(Swedish)mýri(Icelandic)Moor(German)

Quagmire traces back to Old English cwacian, meaning "to shake, tremble", with related forms in Old Norse mýrr ("bog, swamp"). Across languages it shares form or sense with Swedish myr, Icelandic mýri and German Moor, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

quagmire on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
quagmire on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Quagmire

Walk across a bog and the ground trembles underfoot — that is precisely what quagmire describes.‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌ The word fuses quag, a now-extinct variant of 'quake' meaning marshy ground that shakes, with mire, from Old Norse mýrr ('bog, swamp'). It appeared in the 1570s to name a specific kind of dangerous terrain: not just wet ground, but ground that moves. The metaphorical leap to 'an inescapable difficult situation' followed by the early 18th century and has largely overtaken the literal sense. Political and military writers seized on the word — the Vietnam War was repeatedly called a quagmire, cementing its figurative use. The Old Norse element mýrr connects to Swedish myr and Icelandic mýri, all describing the boggy Scandinavian landscapes the Vikings knew well.

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