hook

·Established

Origin

Hook comes from Old English hōc, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, from PIE *keg- (sharp).‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍ The word has been stable for over a millennium.

Definition

Hook: a curved or bent device for catching, holding, or pulling.‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍

Did you know?

The phrase by hook or by crook (1380) is older than English boxing; it originally referred to medieval forest rights — peasants could gather only branches they could pull down with a hook or a shepherd's crook.

Etymology

Old Englishpre-1000well-attested

From Old English hōc (hook, angle, hill projection), from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, from PIE *keg- (to be sharp, hook). The word is broadly Germanic and has stayed remarkably stable in form and meaning for over a thousand years. Key roots: *keg- (Proto-Indo-European: "sharp").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

haak(Dutch)Haken(German)hakke(Danish)hage(Norwegian)

Hook traces back to Proto-Indo-European *keg-, meaning "sharp". Across languages it shares form or sense with Dutch haak, German Haken, Danish hakke and Norwegian hage, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

See also

hook on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
hook on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Hook

Hook is one of those quiet, ancient Germanic words that have hardly changed in a thousand years.‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍ Old English hōc meant a hook, an angle, or a curving projection of land (preserved today in place names like Hook of Holland and Hook in Hampshire). The Proto-Germanic ancestor *hōkaz reaches back to a Proto-Indo-European root *keg- meaning sharp or pointed, related to words like hag (originally a pointed thorn). Hook's metaphorical extensions are unusually rich: by hook or by crook (1380), to swallow the hook (1300s), off the hook (1860s, originally a fish escaping the hook, then a telephone receiver), hook a man up (1860s American slang), hooked on a drug (1925), the hook in a song (1925, jazz musicians' term for the catchy phrase), and a boxing hook (1898). Crochet (French for little hook) and hookah (Arabic huqqa, a jar — unrelated, despite the look) sometimes get confused with it.

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