From Latin 'colonia' (settlement), from 'colere' (to cultivate) — colonization and cultivation are etymological twins.
A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country; a group of people of one nationality or race living in a foreign place.
From Latin 'colōnia' (settlement, farm, landed estate), from 'colōnus' (farmer, settler, colonist), from 'colere' (to cultivate, to till, to inhabit). The PIE root is *kʷel- (to move, to turn, to dwell). In Roman usage, a 'colonia' was a settlement of Roman citizens established in conquered territory, serving both agricultural and military-strategic purposes. The same root 'colere' also gave rise to 'cultūra' (cultivation,
'Colony' and 'culture' are etymological siblings — both derive from Latin 'colere' (to cultivate). A colony was a place where you cultivated the land; culture was the act of cultivation itself. The metaphorical leap from farming the soil to farming the mind gave us 'culture' in its modern intellectual sense.