psalm

/sɑːm/Β·nounΒ·before 1000 CEΒ·Established

Origin

From the Greek verb for plucking a harp string, 'psalm' preserves in its silent 'p' the memory of hoβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œw ancient Greeks actually pronounced it.

Definition

A sacred song or poem used in worship, especially one of the 150 collected in the biblical Book of Pβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œsalms.

Did you know?

The silent 'p' in 'psalm' is a fossil of ancient Greek pronunciation. The Greeks actually said the 'ps-' cluster, as they did in 'psychology' and 'pseudonym.' English kept the spelling but dropped the sound β€” making 'psalm' one of those words where the written form is a memorial to a pronunciation that died centuries ago.

Etymology

Latinbefore 1000 CEwell-attested

From Old English 'psalm,' reinforced by Old French 'psalme,' both from Latin 'psalmus,' from Greek 'psalmos' (a song sung to harp music), from 'psallein' (to pluck, to play a stringed instrument). The Greek verb originally described the physical action of plucking a bowstring or harp string β€” the musical meaning developed because early Greek worship songs were accompanied by plucked instruments. The silent 'p' in English reflects the word's Greek spelling; it was pronounced in ancient Greek but dropped in speech across most European languages while the spelling was preserved out of learned respect for the original. Key roots: psallein (Ancient Greek: "to pluck, to play a stringed instrument").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

psaume(French)salmo(Spanish)Psalm(German)salmo(Italian)

Psalm traces back to Ancient Greek psallein, meaning "to pluck, to play a stringed instrument". Across languages it shares form or sense with French psaume, Spanish salmo, German Psalm and Italian salmo, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

salary
also from Latin
latin
also from Latin
germanic
also from Latin
mean
also from Latin
produce
also from Latin
century
also from Latin
psalmist
related word
psalter
related word
psaltery
related word
psalmody
related word
salmo
SpanishItalian
psaume
French

See also

psalm on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
psalm on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Psalm

A 'psalm' is, at its root, the sound of a plucked string.β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œ Greek 'psallein' meant to pull or pluck β€” originally a bowstring, later a harp string β€” and 'psalmos' was the song that accompanied the plucking. The word entered Latin as 'psalmus' when the Hebrew scriptures were translated into Greek, and the Book of Psalms (Psalmoi) became the standard hymnal of early Christianity. English adopted it before the Norman Conquest, making it one of the oldest Greek-derived words in the language. The silent 'p' is a spelling fossil: ancient Greeks pronounced the 'ps-' cluster, but as the word passed through Latin and French, speakers dropped the opening consonant while scribes faithfully preserved it.

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