prophecy

/ˈprɒf.ɪ.si/·noun·c. 1225·Established

Origin

From Greek 'one who speaks forth' — a prophet was originally a divine spokesperson, not a fortune-teller.‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍ The predictive meaning developed because gods' messengers tended to deliver warnings.

Definition

A prediction of future events, especially one made under divine inspiration; the faculty of prophesy‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍ing.

Did you know?

A prophet was originally not a fortune-teller but a spokesperson — Greek 'prophētēs' meant 'one who speaks forth on behalf of a god,' more like a press secretary than a psychic. The Pythia at Delphi spoke in garbled utterances; the 'prophētēs' was the priest who translated her ravings into intelligible Greek. Prediction was a side effect, not the job description.

Etymology

Greek13th centurywell-attested

From Old French 'profecie,' from Latin 'prophetia,' from Greek 'prophēteia' (gift of interpreting the will of the gods), from 'prophētēs' (one who speaks forth), from 'pro-' (before, forth) + 'phanai' (to speak), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak). Crucially, the Greek 'prophētēs' did not originally mean someone who predicts the future — it meant someone who speaks on behalf of a god, an interpreter or spokesperson for divine will. The predictive sense developed because divine spokespeople often delivered warnings about what would happen. English distinguishes the noun 'prophecy' (with a 'c') from the verb 'prophesy' (with an 's'), a spelling distinction unique to English. Key roots: prophētēs (Ancient Greek: "one who speaks forth, spokesperson").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

prophétie(French)profecía(Spanish)Prophezeiung(German)profezia(Italian)

Prophecy traces back to Ancient Greek prophētēs, meaning "one who speaks forth, spokesperson". Across languages it shares form or sense with French prophétie, Spanish profecía, German Prophezeiung and Italian profezia, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

music
also from Greek
idea
also from Greek
orphan
also from Greek
odyssey
also from Greek
angel
also from Greek
mentor
also from Greek
prophet
related word
prophesy
related word
prophetic
related word
profane
related word
prophétie
French
profecía
Spanish
prophezeiung
German
profezia
Italian

See also

prophecy on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
prophecy on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Prophecy

A 'prophet' was not, originally, someone who saw the future.‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍ Greek 'prophētēs' meant 'one who speaks forth' — a spokesperson for a god, an interpreter of divine will. At Delphi, the Pythia uttered cryptic sounds while inhaling volcanic vapours; the 'prophētēs' was the priest who translated her utterances into comprehensible Greek. The predictive sense emerged because divine messages often contained warnings. English borrowed the word through Latin and Old French, and uniquely distinguishes the noun 'prophecy' (with 'c') from the verb 'prophesy' (with 's') — a spelling distinction no other language maintains. The root 'phanai' (to speak) also produced 'profane' (literally speaking outside the temple).

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