harlequin

/ˈhɑː.lΙͺ.kwΙͺn/Β·nounΒ·1590Β·Established

Origin

Harlequin descends from Old French Hellequin, the demonic leader of the Wild Hunt in medieval folkloβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œre, transformed by Italian commedia dell'arte into a comic servant.

Definition

A mute comic character in traditional pantomime, wearing a mask and dressed in a diamond-patterned cβ€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œostume; anything variegated or multicoloured.

Did you know?

Before Harlequin was a comic servant in diamond-patterned tights, he was a demon. Medieval French texts describe Hellequin as the terrifying leader of a ghostly procession of the dead β€” the Wild Hunt. Italian theatre transformed this nightmare figure into a loveable trickster within a few generations.

Etymology

French16th centurywell-attested

From French Harlequin or Arlequin, the name of a stock character in Italian commedia dell'arte (Arlecchino). The deeper origin is debated but the most widely accepted theory traces it to Old French Hellequin or Herlequin, the leader of a ghostly nocturnal hunt in medieval folklore β€” the mesnie Hellequin ('household of Hellequin'). This figure may derive from a Germanic name related to Old English Herla cyning ('King Herla'), a legendary ruler associated with the Wild Hunt. The transformation from demon huntsman to comic servant happened during the 16th century as Italian theatre absorbed the folklore figure. Key roots: Hellequin (Old French: "leader of the Wild Hunt").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

Arlecchino(Italian)Arlequin(French)Harlekin(German)

Harlequin traces back to Old French Hellequin, meaning "leader of the Wild Hunt". Across languages it shares form or sense with Italian Arlecchino, French Arlequin and German Harlekin, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

gaucherie
also from French
develop
also from French
renaissance
also from French
campaign
also from French
garage
also from French
engulf
also from French
pantomime
related word
motley
related word
jester
related word
variegated
related word
arlecchino
Italian
arlequin
French
harlekin
German

See also

harlequin on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
harlequin on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Harlequin

Harlequin began as a demon.β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€β€‹β€β€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œβ€‹β€Œ In 12th-century French folklore, Hellequin led the mesnie Hellequin β€” a terrifying nocturnal procession of restless dead, closely related to the Wild Hunt myth. Some scholars trace the name to Old English Herla cyning ('King Herla'), a ruler cursed to ride forever. By the 16th century, Italian commedia dell'arte had reimagined this fearsome figure as Arlecchino: a nimble, cunning servant in a patched costume, the patches later stylised into the diamond pattern we know today. English borrowed harlequin from French and gave it new life in pantomime. The adjectival use β€” meaning multicoloured, as in 'harlequin pattern' β€” preserves the diamond costume long after the character left the stage.

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