frequency

/ˈfriː.kwən.si/·noun·1553·Established

Origin

From Latin 'frequentia' (a crowd, a multitude) — the physics meaning of 'cycles per second' is a met‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌aphorical extension of the original sense of many things packed together.

Definition

The rate at which something occurs over a particular period; in physics, the number of cycles of a w‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌ave per unit of time.

Did you know?

The word 'frequency' originally meant a crowd — Latin 'frequentia' described a packed gathering of people. The physicist's meaning (cycles per second) is a metaphorical extension: instead of many people in one place, there are many wave cycles in one second. This semantic shift from human crowds to wave cycles happened quietly in the 19th century and is now the word's dominant meaning.

Etymology

Latin16th centurywell-attested

From Latin 'frequentia' (a crowding, a multitude, a large attendance), from 'frequens' (genitive 'frequentis,' meaning crowded, repeated, numerous). The ultimate origin of 'frequens' is uncertain — some scholars connect it to Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (to stuff, to cram), making it a possible distant relative of 'farcical' (from Latin 'farcire,' to stuff). The original English meaning was simply 'a crowd' or 'the state of being frequent.' The physics sense — the number of occurrences per unit time — developed in the 19th century as wave theory matured. The word's semantic journey from 'a crowd of people' to 'a crowd of wave cycles' is a natural metaphorical extension. Key roots: frequens (Latin: "crowded, repeated, numerous").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

fréquence(French)frecuencia(Spanish)Frequenz(German)frequenza(Italian)

Frequency traces back to Latin frequens, meaning "crowded, repeated, numerous". Across languages it shares form or sense with French fréquence, Spanish frecuencia, German Frequenz and Italian frequenza, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

salary
also from Latin
latin
also from Latin
germanic
also from Latin
mean
also from Latin
produce
also from Latin
century
also from Latin
frequent
related word
frequenter
related word
infrequent
related word
fréquence
French
frecuencia
Spanish
frequenz
German
frequenza
Italian

See also

frequency on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
frequency on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Frequency

'Frequency' started as a word for a crowd.‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌ Latin 'frequentia' meant a large gathering or multitude, from 'frequens' (crowded, numerous). English borrowed it in 1553, initially using it in the social sense — the frequency of a place was how packed it was. The physics meaning developed in the 19th century as wave theory matured: instead of many people in one space, frequency described many cycles in one second. The metaphor was so natural that the transition happened without anyone remarking on it. The ultimate origin of Latin 'frequens' is debatedone theory connects it to a root meaning 'to stuff' or 'to cram,' which would make the word's core meaning the sensation of being overfull, whether with people or with oscillations.

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