velocity

/vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/·noun·1550·Established

Origin

From Latin vēlōcitās (swiftness, speed), from vēlōx (swift), from PIE *wegʰ- (to carry, to move).‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌ Related to 'vehicle' and 'vector.

Definition

The speed of something in a given direction; rapidity of movement or action.‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌

Did you know?

The French word for bicycle is 'vélo,' short for 'vélocipède' (literally 'swift foot,' from Latin 'vēlōx' + 'pēs'). The same root gives us 'velodrome' (a swift-running track). German, characteristically, avoided the Latin and built its own word: 'Geschwindigkeit' (from 'geschwind,' swift) — one of the longer everyday words in the language, which German speakers deploy with apparent ease.

Etymology

Latin16th centurywell-attested

From French 'vélocité,' from Latin 'vēlōcitās' (swiftness, speed), from 'vēlōx' (genitive 'vēlōcis,' meaning swift, rapid). The ultimate origin of 'vēlōx' is debated — it may be related to 'vēlum' (sail) through the idea of something moving as fast as a sail catches the wind, or to a PIE root *weǵʰ- (to carry, to move). In physics, velocity is distinguished from speed by having a directional component — a distinction the Latin word did not make. The word entered English during the scientific revolution, when Latin-derived terminology was being adopted wholesale for emerging disciplines. Key roots: vēlōx (Latin: "swift, rapid").

Ancient Roots

This Word in Other Languages

vélocité(French)velocidad(Spanish)velocità(Italian)Geschwindigkeit(German)

Velocity traces back to Latin vēlōx, meaning "swift, rapid". Across languages it shares form or sense with French vélocité, Spanish velocidad, Italian velocità and German Geschwindigkeit, evidence of a shared etymological family.

Connections

latin
also from Latin
salary
also from Latin
germanic
also from Latin
mean
also from Latin
produce
also from Latin
century
also from Latin
velocipede
related word
velodrome
related word
vélo
related word
vélocité
French
velocidad
Spanish
velocità
Italian
geschwindigkeit
German

See also

velocity on Merriam-Webstermerriam-webster.com
velocity on Wiktionaryen.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European rootsproto-indo-european.org

Background

The Etymology of Velocity

'Velocity' comes from Latin 'vēlōx' (swift), whose deeper origin may connect to 'vēlum' (sail) — swiftness conceived as the speed of a sail catching wind.‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌ The word entered English in 1550 through French 'vélocité' during the scientific revolution, when Latin terminology was flooding into English. In physics, velocity was later distinguished from speed by the addition of direction — a refinement the Romans never made. The Latin root produced a rich family: 'velocipede' (swift-foot, an early bicycle), 'velodrome' (swift-running track), and French 'vélo' (the everyday word for bicycle, clipped from 'vélocipède'). German rejected the Latin entirely, constructing its own formidable compound 'Geschwindigkeit' from native roots.

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